Simulation Dynamics time Cellular-automaton model Flow Obstacles
behavior Size Field metabolic-rate Common rhea Large bird Americana
Individual-based model behavior population community ecology Trade-off Density Rules Food webs Predator-prey interactions Interspecific interactions
Dynamics Validation Error Challenges Sensitivity-analysis Ecological models Complex-systems Habitat models
Competition Productivity explanation feedbacks Vegetation Abundance Standing crop Species richness Niche Gradients
Competition Dynamics systems transmission Stochastic simulation-model Helicoverpa-zea lepidoptera Bt transgenic corn Lesser grain borer Glyphosate resistance Rhyzopertha-dominica
Evolution conflict Males Cost Timema walking-sticks Male mating harassment Daphnia-pulex Reproductive interference Female resistance Species interactions
California Escherichia-coli Zone water-quality Surf-zone Sunlight inactivation Huntington-beach Budget analysis Lake-michigan Marine beach Enterococci
movement environment patterns habitat growth Temperature Fish History Brown trout Stream
Individual-based model Spatial heterogeneity ideal free distribution Functional-response Diel vertical migration Ingestion rates Calanus-finmarchicus Swimming behavior Marine planktonic copepods Predator-prey systems