Agent-based modelling Cellular automata GIS Urban planning
Seed dispersal patterns Land-use changes growth Climate-change Forest Norway spruce Picea-abies Swiss alps Natural regeneration
Age Growth-model Crown asymmetry Field-measurements Plant-populations Pinus-sylvestris Size-structure Physiological processes Community structure Local competition
Population-dynamics Persistence Frequency
Competition models Diversity Dispersal Communities Intermediate disturbance Colonization trade-off Species coexistence Hypothesis Patch dynamics
Vertical-distribution Fertilization success Benthic marine-invertebrates Introduced pacific oysters Mussel mytilus-edulis Bivalve larvae Japanese oyster Native mussels Side ecology Life-cycles
Competition Management ecosystems ecology Pacific salmon Sockeye-salmon Salmon oncorhynchus-kisutch Resident salmonids Southwest alaska Coho
individual-based models pattern collective behavior Cellular-automaton model Phase-transition Fish schools Tagging data Emergent properties Diffusion-reaction model Tuna katsuwonus-pelamis