Cascading effects of feedbacks, disease, and climate change on alpine treeline dynamics

Authored by George P. Malanson, Emily K. Smith-McKenna, Lynn M. Resler, Laurence W. Carstensen, Stephen P. Prisley, Diana F. Tomback

Date Published: 2014-12

DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.08.019

Sponsors: United States National Science Foundation (NSF)

Platforms: NetLogo

Model Documentation: ODD Flow charts Mathematical description

Model Code URLs: http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/science/MiamiMultiMediaURL/1-s2.0-S1364815214002436/1-s2.0-S1364815214002436-mmc1.zip/271872/html/S1364815214002436/31bbc68f5b8d9aa9d488a7734d53ddfd/mmc1.zip

Abstract

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is important for tree island development in some alpine treeline ecosystems in western North America: therefore the effects of an exotic disease on whitebark pine may cascade to other species and affect how treeline responds to climate change. We developed an agent-based model to examine the interactive impacts of blister rust and climate change on treeline dynamics. Our model includes positive and negative feedback effects for population processes and infection in a neighborhood. We simulated a present-day-like whitebark pine treeline community in the northern U.S. Rocky Mountains under stable conditions, and then conditions of disease, climate amelioration, and their combination. The loss of pine to disease was only partly compensated by the effect of climate change, and resulted in less facilitation for other species reversing the positive effects of climate amelioration. Spatially explicit simulation captured the cascading effects of neighborhood facilitation on treeline populations and patterns. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tags

Agent-based model Climate change Facilitation Ecotone White pine blister rust Whitebark pine