Computational modeling and simulation of genital tubercle development

Authored by Maxwell C K Leung, M Shane Hutson, Ashley W Seifert, Richard M Spencer, Thomas B Knudsen

Date Published: 2016

DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.05.005

Sponsors: United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Platforms: Python XML

Model Documentation: Other Narrative Flow charts Mathematical description

Model Code URLs: http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/science/article/pii/S0890623816301113#upi0005

Abstract

Hypospadias is a developmental defect of urethral tube closure that has a complex etiology involving genetic and environmental factors, including anti-androgenic and estrogenic disrupting chemicals; however, little is known about the morphoregulatory consequences of androgen/estrogen balance during genital tubercle (GT) development. Computer models that predictively model sexual dimorphism of the GT may provide a useful resource to translate chemical-target bipartite networks and their developmental consequences across the human-relevant chemical universe. Here, we describe a multicellular agent-based model of genital tubercle (GT) development that simulates urethrogenesis from the sexually-indifferent urethral plate stage to urethral tube closure. The prototype model, constructed in CompuCell3D, recapitulates key aspects of GT morphogenesis controlled by SHH, FGF10, and androgen pathways through modulation of stochastic cell behaviors, including differential adhesion, motility, proliferation, and apoptosis. Proper urethral tube closure in the model was shown to depend quantitatively on SHH- and FGF10-induced effects on mesenchymal proliferation and epithelial apoptosis-both ultimately linked to androgen signaling. In the absence of androgen, GT development was feminized and with partial androgen deficiency, the model resolved with incomplete urethral tube closure, thereby providing an in silico platform for probabilistic prediction of hypospadias risk across combinations of minor perturbations to the GT system at various stages of embryonic development. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Tags

Tissue-specific roles Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation Reproductive-tract development Mate genitourinary system External genitalia Sonic-hedgehog Androgen receptor Endocrine disruption Urethral development Diverse mechanisms