A Multiscale Agent-Based Model for the Investigation of E-coli K12 Metabolic Response During Biofilm Formation

Authored by Jr Majid Latif, Elebeoba E May

Date Published: 2018

DOI: 10.1007/s11538-018-0494-3

Sponsors: United States Department of Energy (DOE) United States National Science Foundation (NSF)

Platforms: No platforms listed

Model Documentation: Other Narrative Flow charts Mathematical description

Model Code URLs: Model code not found

Abstract

Bacterial biofilm formation is an organized collective response to biochemical cues that enables bacterial colonies to persist and withstand environmental insults. We developed a multiscale agent-based model that characterizes the intracellular, extracellular, and cellular scale interactions that modulate Escherichia coli MG1655 biofilm formation. Each bacterium's intracellular response and cellular state were represented as an outcome of interactions with the environment and neighboring bacteria. In the intracellular model, environment-driven gene expression and metabolism were captured using statistical regression and Michaelis-Menten kinetics, respectively. In the cellular model, growth, death, and type IV pili- and flagella-dependent movement were based on the bacteria's intracellular state. We implemented the extracellular model as a three-dimensional diffusion model used to describe glucose, oxygen, and autoinducer 2 gradients within the biofilm and bulk fluid. We validated the model by comparing simulation results to empirical quantitative biofilm profiles, gene expression, and metabolic concentrations. Using the model, we characterized and compared the temporal metabolic and gene expression profiles of sessile versus planktonic bacterial populations during biofilm formation and investigated correlations between gene expression and biofilm-associated metabolites and cellular scale phenotypes. Based on our in silico studies, planktonic bacteria had higher metabolite concentrations in the glycolysis and citric acid cycle pathways, with higher gene expression levels in flagella and lipopolysaccharide-associated genes. Conversely, sessile bacteria had higher metabolite concentrations in the autoinducer 2 pathway, with type IV pili, autoinducer 2 export, and cellular respiration genes upregulated in comparison with planktonic bacteria. Having demonstrated results consistent with in vitro static culture biofilm systems, our model enables examination of molecular phenomena within biofilms that are experimentally inaccessible and provides a framework for future exploration of how hypothesized molecular mechanisms impact bulk community behavior.

Tags

Agent-based modeling systems biology Quorum sensing Mycobacterium-tuberculosis infection Gene-expression Bacterial biofilms Staphylococcus-aureus Pseudomonas-aeruginosa biofilms Biofilm Flux balance analysis Escherichia coli k12 Constraint-based models To-cell communication Coli k-12 biofilms Polysaccharide adhesin