MODELING THE CONTRIBUTION OF TOXICOKINETIC AND TOXICODYNAMIC PROCESSES TO THE RECOVERY OF GAMMARUS PULEX POPULATIONS AFTER EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES
Authored by Pernille Thorbek, Nika Galic, Roman Ashauer, Hans Baveco, Anna-Maija Nyman, Alpar Barsi, Eric Bruns, den Brink Paul J Van
Date Published: 2014
DOI: 10.1002/etc.2481
Sponsors:
European Union
Platforms:
NetLogo
ModelMaker
Model Documentation:
Pseudocode
ODD
Flow charts
Mathematical description
Model Code URLs:
Model code not found
Abstract
Because aquatic macroinvertebrates may be exposed regularly to
pesticides in edge-of-the-field water bodies, an accurate assessment of
potential adverse effects and subsequent population recovery is
essential. Standard effect risk assessment tools are not able to fully
address the complexities arising from multiple exposure patterns, nor
can they properly address the population recovery process. In the
present study, we developed an individual-based model of the freshwater
amphipod Gammarus pulex to evaluate the consequences of exposure to 4
compounds with different modes of action on individual survival and
population recovery. Effects on survival were calculated using
concentration-effect relationships and the threshold damage model (TDM), which accounts for detailed processes of toxicokinetics and
toxicodynamics. Delayed effects as calculated by the TDM had a
significant impact on individual survival and population recovery. We
also evaluated the standard assessment of effects after short-term
exposures using the 96-h concentration-effect model and the TDM, which
was conservative for very short-term exposure. An integration of a TKTD
submodel with a population model can be used to explore the ecological
relevance of ecotoxicity endpoints in different exposure environments.
(C) 2013 SETAC
Tags
Ecosystem services
Ecological risk-assessment
Fresh-water shrimps
Small stony stream
Insecticide chlorpyrifos
Aquatic invertebrates
Potential application
Protection goals
Pulsed exposure
Lake district