Conceptualization of Vehicle-to-Grid Contract Types and Their Formalization in Agent-Based Models
Authored by Zofia Lukszo, Paulien Herder, Esther H Park Lee
Date Published: 2018
DOI: 10.1155/2018/3569129
Sponsors:
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)
Platforms:
No platforms listed
Model Documentation:
ODD
Flow charts
Model Code URLs:
Model code not found
Abstract
Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have the potential to be used as
flexible power plants in future energy systems. To integrate FCEVs
through vehicle-to-grid (V2G), agreements are needed between the FCEV
owners and the actor that coordinates V2G on behalf of them, usually
considered the aggregator. In this paper, we argue that, depending on
the purpose of providing V2G and the goal of the system or the
aggregator, different types of contracts are needed, not currently
considered in the literature. We propose price-based, volume-based, and
control-based contracts. Using agent-based modeling and simulation we
show how price-based contracts can be applied for selling V2G in the
wholesale electricity market and how volume-based contracts can be used
for balancing the local energy supply and demand in a microgrid. The
models can provide a base to explore strategies in the market and to
improve performance in a system highly dependent on V2G.
Tags
Design
Economics
Electric Vehicle
Power
Cars
Energy-storage
Fleets