Implementing flexible demand: Real-time price vs. market integration

Authored by Florian Kuhnlenz, Pedro H J Nardelli, Santtu Karhinen, Rauli Svento

Date Published: 2018

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.02.024

Sponsors: European Union

Platforms: No platforms listed

Model Documentation: Other Narrative Flow charts Pseudocode

Model Code URLs: Model code not found

Abstract

This paper proposes an agent-based model that combines both spot and balancing electricity markets. From this model, we develop a multi-agent simulation to study the integration of the consumers' flexibility into the system. Our study identifies the conditions that real-time prices may lead to higher electricity costs, which in turn contradicts the usual claim that such a pricing scheme reduces cost. We show that such undesirable behavior is in fact systemic. Due to the existing structure of the wholesale market, the predicted demand that is used in the formation of the price is never realized since the flexible users will change their demand according to such established price. As the demand is never correctly predicted, the volume traded through the balancing markets increases, leading to higher overall costs. In this case, the system can sustain, and even benefit from, a small number of flexible users, but this solution can never upscale without increasing the total costs. To avoid this problem, we implement the so-called ``exclusive groups{''}. Our results illustrate the importance of rethinking the current practices so that flexibility can be successfully integrated considering scenarios with and without intermittent renewable sources. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tags

Simulation models Market Design electricity market Demand response Smart grid power markets systems Power real-time pricing Balancing market Generation Load Grids Side management Day-ahead market Dispatch