Host-mediated site segregation of ectoparasites: An individual-based simulation study

Authored by L Rozsa, J Reiczigel

Date Published: 1998

DOI: 10.2307/3284711

Sponsors: Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA)

Platforms: No platforms listed

Model Documentation: Other Narrative Flow charts Mathematical description

Model Code URLs: Model code not found

Abstract

Site segregation of coexisting ectoparasite species may result either from a direct interaction such as resource competition between them or from a host-mediated interaction. Here we present an individual-based model for the coevolution of 1 host and 2 parasite species to study this latter hypothesis. Parasite species are generalists at the start of the simulation and develop site specificities under the following assumptions. Parasite populations are not subject to resource limitations but are limited directly by host defense as predation. Hosts have 2 sites that need different defensive abilities to reduce their parasite burden. Parasites need to exhibit different evasive abilities to survive on different sites. Host grooming selects parasites for an increasing capability for evasion, whereas parasites select hosts for an increasing efficiency of grooming. Two trade-offs are incorporated into the model: one between host defensive abilities on the 2 sites, and another between parasite evasive abilities on the 2 sites. We conclude that, under these assumptions, the optimization of host defense and parasite evasion strategies may select ectoparasites for site segregation and this may stabilize the coexistence of parasite species.

Tags

ecology Model parasitism Communities Arthropods Specificity Enemy-free space Lice Phthiraptera Impala