Heterostyly: speciation within a species
Authored by Y Toquenaga, S Sakai
Date Published: 2004
DOI: 10.1007/s10144-004-0191-y
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Other Narrative
Mathematical description
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Abstract
Almost all organisms in nature show nonrandom mating to different
degrees. Two extreme results of nonrandom mating are speciation and
sexual differentiation. Heterostyly is a form of sexual differentiation
considered to have evolved to resolve conflicts between male and female
functions of hermaphrodite flowers. Our study examines necessary and
sufficient conditions for establishment of heterostyly using a
configuration individual-based model. Previous models assume invasion of
a mutant phenotype into a population with monomorphic wild phenotype. In
contrast, our model demonstrates that heterostyly can be established
from a population with continuous phenotypic variation, a proposition
that requires simpler assumptions than the previous hypotheses. Results
of our simulation show that genetic linkage between stigma and anther
heights is essential for establishment of heterostyly. Dominance effects
on the genes for stamen or stigma heights are not necessary, but they
promote evolution of heterostyly. Probability of evolution of
heterostyly also depends on the functional relationship between
stigma-anther distance and strength of sexual interference, and the
distance and probability of pollen deposition success. Parallelity and
difference between speciation and sexual differentiation are also
discussed.
Tags
Evolution
interference
sympatric speciation
Flowering plants
Traits
Reproductive isolation
Genetics
Self-pollination