Batch spawning decreases competition among early life stages in coastal fishes: a simulation study using red drum Sciaenops ocellatus

Authored by Kenneth A Rose, Lee A Fuiman, Shinnosuke Nakayama

Date Published: 2011

DOI: 10.3354/meps09382

Sponsors: United States National Science Foundation (NSF)

Platforms: R

Model Documentation: Other Narrative Flow charts Mathematical description

Model Code URLs: Model code not found

Abstract

Batch spawning (reproducing multiple times in a single reproductive season) is mainly considered to be a bet-hedging strategy to cope with environmental uncertainty, but little attention is paid to its consequences for competitive environments of offspring. Here, we investigate how batch-spawning traits can affect recruitment success when offspring experience size- and density-dependent interference competition. Using an individual-based model, we simulated recruitment of a typical batch-spawning coastal fish in the Gulf of Mexico, where spawning occurs in spatially heterogeneous environments over a single spawning season. We examined the effects of competition intensity among offspring on recruitment success. As offspring were more competitive, higher recruitment was achieved when a population showed batch spawning compared to single spawning. Moreover, interference competition among offspring yielded an increase in total recruitment when the competition intensity was low, suggesting that offspring competition is not always detrimental to recruitment success. Our study proposes a beneficial consequence of a batch-spawning strategy-increasing recruitment by reducing competition among offspring.

Tags

Evolution growth Trade-off Variability Environments Survival History Predators Optimal reproductive effort Seagrass meadows