Modeling effects of chemicals on a population: Application to a wading bird nesting colony

Authored by WF Wolff, TG Hallam, TL Trawick

Date Published: 1996

DOI: 10.1016/0304-3800(95)00204-9

Sponsors: No sponsors listed

Platforms: No platforms listed

Model Documentation: Other Narrative Mathematical description

Model Code URLs: Model code not found

Abstract

An approach for the study of effects of chemical contamination of an avian population is described. The protocol consists of four components: (1) an individual model that is coupled with (2) a chemical exposure model; and (3) a population model together with (4) an effects model. The model-based protocol is generic, delineates types of information required for ecological assessment and lays the framework for the implementation of toxic effects in an individual-oriented model. The protocol is illustrated by modifying an existing individual-oriented model of a wood stork colony to incorporate sublethal and lethal effects of mercury contamination. Because of the paucity of available data on effects of chemicals on wading birds, information from experiments on other avian species is, by necessity, frequently extrapolated to dose-response formulations for wading birds; consequently, the results are qualitative in character and portray relationships determined to exist between certain species of birds and the toxic effects of mercury pollution. Simulation results and applications focus on a population level effect, colony survival of the endangered species Mycteria americana in the Everglades of Florida. Because of the lack of information about model processes and parameter values for mercury effects on wood storks, model sensitivity studies were performed. Given the results for sublethal contamination levels along with the information on levels of mercury found in fish of the Everglades, it would seem that if our assumptions are even close to accurate, this model suggests that wood stork colony losses due to mercury contamination are feasible, possibly in the short term, but definitely in the long term.

Tags

Survival Seabirds Accumulation Methyl mercury Metal concentrations Aquatic birds Autumn molt Heavy-metal Wood storks Selenium