Kin competition drives the evolution of sex-biased dispersal under monandry and polyandry, not under monogamy
Authored by Stephane Legendre, Thomas Brom, Manuel Massot, David Laloi
Date Published: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.01.003
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Abstract
The relation between mating system and sex-biased dispersal has been
debated for three decades. However, the relative importance of the
processes involved in this relation remains poorly known. In this study, we paid special attention to kin competition. We built an adaptive
individual-based model fixing three mating systems (monandry, polyandry, monogamy) in a metapopulation, and allowing dispersal across patches to
evolve independently for males and females. Our simulations showed that
a difference in the number of mates can determine the evolution of
sex-biased dispersal. Dispersal appears male biased under monandry and
polyandry, but balanced under monogamy. By contrast, we showed that
inbreeding can influence but does not promote sex-biased dispersal, and
that the primary sex ratio does not qualitatively affect the evolution
of sex-biased dispersal under monandry and polyandry. These results are
driven by the interaction of two factors: the variation in reproductive
success between patches in the metapopulation and kin competition. These
two factors are influenced by the mating system, which modifies both the
competition for access to partners and the mean relatedness between
individuals. To ascertain that kin competition actually drives
sex-biased dispersal, we made simulations with destruction of any
genetic structure in the metapopulation, and we found that in this case
dispersal was not sex biased. (C) 2016 The Association for the Study of
Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Tags
Individual-based model
Trade-off
fitness
Costs
Density-dependence
Demographic
stochasticity
Ratio
Philopatry
Spatially-structured populations
Subdivided populations