Agent based modeling of the effects of potential treatments over the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis

Authored by Giulia Russo, Santo Motta, Marzio Pennisi, Francesco Pappalardo

Date Published: 2015

DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.08.014

Sponsors: No sponsors listed

Platforms: NetLogo

Model Documentation: Other Narrative

Model Code URLs: http://www.francescopappalardo.net/MS_VitaminD_BBB_Applet_NLogo/

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the central nervous system that involves the destruction of the insulating sheath of axons, causing severe disabilities. Since the etiology of the disease is not yet fully understood, the use of novel techniques that may help to understand the disease, to suggest potential therapies and to test the effects of candidate treatments is highly advisable. To this end we developed an agent based model that demonstrated its ability to reproduce the typical oscillatory behavior observed in the most common form of multiple sclerosis, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The model has then been used to test the potential beneficial effects of vitamin D over the disease. Many scientific studies underlined the importance of the blood-brain barrier and of the mechanisms that influence its permeability on the development of the disease. In the present paper we further extend our previously developed model with,a mechanism that mimics the blood-brain barrier behavior. The goal of our work is to suggest the best strategies to follow for developing new potential treatments that intervene in the blood-brain barrier. Results suggest that the best treatments should potentially prevent the opening of the blood-brain barrier, as treatments that help in recovering the blood-brain barrier functionality could be less effective. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Tags

Necrosis-factor-alpha Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Central-nervous-system Regulatory t-cells Endothelial-cells Antioxidant therapy Oxidative stress Interferon-gamma Cross-regulation Lipoic acid